Answer these question based on the provideing readings?

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Please Answer these question based about these readings :1- Intro to Ocean Sci.: Ch. 12 (Links to an external site.) (pp 282-292, 298-304) and Critical Concepts 14 and 15 2- Intro to Ocean Sci.: Ch. 12 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (pp 293-297)

Primary Production and Limiting Factors

· Name the macronutrients necessary for primary production.

· Distinguish between the major types of phytoplankton found in the ocean.

· Compare and contrast phytoplankton to zooplankton.

· Explain what a limiting factor is.

· Describe the limiting factor(s) to primary production in at low latitudes.

· Describe the limiting factor(s) to primary production in at mid-latitudes.

· Describe the limiting factor(s) to primary production in at high latitudes.

Coastal Upwelling

· Describe the physical process of upwelling of the U.S. West Coast. Include the directions of wind and water movement.

· Identify the characteristics that indicate areas of recent upwelling.

· Describe the significance of upwelling zones to large primary producers and large predators (e.g. tuna and marine mammals).

Seasonal Cycle

· Explain the major factors that determine seasonal changes on Earth.

· Describe how the seasonal changes affect the surface ocean.

· Other than temperature, explain how else Earth’s seasons change throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Food pyramids, food webs, ecosystems

· Arrange the following trophic levels in increasing order:

apex predator, primary producer, carnivore, primary consumer,

· Describe the important factors and processes necessary to maintain a sustainable, healthy ecosystem.

· Explain how nutrients are cycled within an ecosystem.

· Describe the relationship of trophic levels and biomass.

Marine Ecosystems

· For each ecosystem: High Latitude (Polar), Kelp Forests, Coral Reefs

Describe the physical conditions of each location
Compare the primary producers in each location
Explain the role of top predators in each location and how it contributes to the sustainability of the the ecosystem.

· Describe the different challenges in polar ecosystems. Explain the role that ice places in these ecosystems.