Challenging behavior

1. A definition of challenging behavior and its usefulness in
determining behaviour
2. Describe 4 different forms of challenging behavior:
Forms of Behaviour
• Physical
Throwing objects
Lashing out
• Anti-social
Withdrawal from activities
Refusal to participant in everyday activities
Masturbating in public (learning disabilities)
Stereotypical behaviour
Non-verbal
• Self Harming
Self Injurious
• Verbal
• Others
Communication difficulties
3. Demonstrate an understanding of how two different psychological
theories can help us understand challenging behavior:
Behaviourist Perspective
• Social Learning Theory
• Behaviour is learned through:
– Classical conditioning e.g Pavlov
– Operant conditioning e.g Skinner
– Modeling/Imitation e.g Bandura
Pavlov
• Discovered a type of associative learning
• Called Classical Conditioning
• Experiments carried out on dogs
• The underlying principles have also been applied to human learning
4. Analyze how life experience’s and situational factors can contribute
to challenging behavior giving two examples.
Factors which attribute to challenging behaviour
? External Factors
– Institutionalisation
– Peer Pressure
– Family Pressure
– Poverty
– Illness (physical)
– Abuse (physical/sexual)
Internal Factors (relate to the perception of a threat)
– Response to authority
– Fear
– Personality (differences)
– Response to stressful situation
– Experience of abuse
– Lack of knowledge (situation/carer)

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