Guidelines on Screening Procedures

The goal of health promotion and education is to help prevent disease in patients. However, this is not always successful, and disease it not always preventable. With disease, early detection is ideal, often making screening procedures a routine part of clinical care. Unfortunately, many patients do not utilize these health services. This can be attributed to lack of awareness or access to care, financial concerns, or even levels of comfort with health care providers. In your role as the advanced practice nurse, you must be aware of potential obstacles for patients and implement strategies to ensure patients receive necessary screenings. Although a variety of screening procedures are recommended for women at various stages of life, not all screenings are appropriate for all patients. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each screening, as well as current guidelines for use is essential to effectively facilitate patient care. For this Discussion, the course Instructor will assign a specific topic for you to research.

To prepare:

• the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services article in the Learning Resources.
• Research guidelines on screening procedures for the topic assigned to you by the course Instructor ( pap smear OR sexually transmitted infections).
• Reflect on strengths and limitations of the screening guidelines.
• Consider how the guidelines might support your clinical decision making.

Write an explanation of the guidelines on screening procedures for the topic assigned to you. Include an explanation of strengths and limitations of the guidelines. Then, explain how the guidelines might support your clinical decision making.

Teamwork is ubiquitous in the work world today. Teams work together both face-to-face and around the world as technology provides more and more opportunities for distance collaboration. The intricacies of forming effective working teams can be daunting because the stakes are often very high. Much time, effort, and other resources can be wasted if a team is not cohesive, communicative, motivated, accountable, and goal-oriented. When the project to be tackled is important and costly, as is often the case in health care, failure can be devastating to an organization, both in terms of outcomes and morale.

Health care administrators work in an environment that is particularly impacted by interprofessional efforts. Building an effective work team requires a great deal of insight, attention, and skill. For this Assignment, examine the following scenario and focus on effectively selecting team members, concepts of team management, and principles of team dynamics.

Scenario: You are the newly appointed chief operating officer for Thomason Health System (THS), a large health care delivery system that will be acquiring and implementing a new information technology system: “Electronic Medical Records” (EMRs). The organization has many and differing opinions about EMRs, but the CEO and the board of directors want you to establish an onboarding team that will help facilitate the organization-wide adoption of this new technology. Your main responsibility is to identify five team members from a short list of candidates and facilitate the launch of an effective team through conflict resolution and team building. This team will present a unified message and facilitate cultural change within the greater organization.

To prepare for this Assignment:

• Review the provided scenario, as well as the “Thomason Health System Background” and “Thomason Health System Bios” documents in this week’s Learning Resources.
• As a team, begin preparing a strategic proposal to present to Thomason Health System’s board of directors.

The Assignment

In a 2- to 3-page strategic proposal, address the following:

Part I: Team Creation

• Identify the five different onboarding team members you have selected. Note: These are not the members of the team you have been assigned to in this course; rather, they are the team members you selected from the “Thomason Health System Bios” document in the Learning Resources.
• Justify the reason for your selections and exclusions for the onboarding team, using the principles of interprofessional teams.
• Explain the different roles and responsibilities each team member will have as a part of the onboarding team.

Read the lecture and respond to the 2 discussions with APA format and Reference

Lecture

History and Process of Nursing Research, Evidence Based Nursing Practice, Quantitative and Qualitative Research Process

Introduction

Nursing research is a purposeful, structured, and disciplined process of discovery. It contributes to scholarly pursuits, which fill a void in the current literature of nursing and health care. As practicing nurses, it is critical to understand how to read research articles and consider the results in order to improve patient care. From the beginning, the importance of gathering data and presenting it to the health care community has been evident.

Historical Overview

Beginning with early leaders such as Florence Nightingale, important research has shaped the nursing profession. For example, Florence Nightingale was the first woman to be recognized by the Royal College of Statisticians for her contribution of visual display known today as the pie chart. Review Table 1-2 in Burns and Grove (2011), which provides an historical review of influences on research in nursing.

One notable year is 1986, when Congress created the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR). Dr. Ada Sue Hindshaw was the first director of the NCNR, and, in less than 10 years, nursing had its own National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR). This recognition has moved nursing into the same level of importance as all other National Institutes of Health areas. Because NINR is subject to federal funding, it is incumbent upon all nurses to support tax dollars being allocated for this important work.

Purpose of Nursing Research

What makes nursing research different from research in other disciplines? This question has been debated in many nursing circles. The answer is that nursing research must be consistent with the philosophy and theories of nursing. Nursing theories are specific formulations that make up the realm of unique nursing knowledge. Furthermore, nursing research is a reliable, orderly, and ethical inquiry used to guide and direct nursing care, client outcomes, and health care systems. Therefore, nursing research not only generates new knowledge, but it validates and refines existing knowledge.

Early research started with true experimental design, which is best understood as research that is able to control, manipulate, and have true randomization. This specific method of research (quantitative research) focuses on the ability to control extraneous variables. Quantitative research is mentioned here to explain the difference between true experimental design and the unique nature of nursing research, which better fits into the realm of social science research.

In the beginning, research was agricultural−e.g., fertilizers could be tested by planting seeds in the same soil being exposed to the same elements of sun, rain, and wind. A section of the field would be given the experimental fertilizer, then compared against the other parts of the fields that did not get the experimental intervention. Human beings are much more difficult to study because there are numerous variables that make people unique. No two patients are alike, and experience indicates that no two patients with pain will respond the same way. The impact of culture, physiology, emotional stability, and cognitive function all affect the outcome. This fact is what makes nursing research interesting, demanding, and complex.

Components and Language of Nursing Research

The following table will provide you with an overview of the components of published research reports. All research reports have four major sections, as seen in Table 1.1: problem statement, methods, results, and conclusion or discussion.

Research Report Section	Associated Terms
Problem Statement or Introduction: Describes the gap in knowledge that will be addressed in the research study.	Literature review Theory Research question Hypothesis
Methods: Describes the process of implementing the research study.	Qualitative Quantitative Measures Sample Procedures
Results: Summarizes the specific information gathered in the research study.	Data Data analysis Themes Descriptive Significant Multivariate
Conclusion/Discussion: Describes the decisions or determinations that can be made about the research problem.	Limitations Implications for practice

Table 1.1. Main sections of research reports Adapted from Macnee (2003)

Approaching a Research Study

For many individuals, the process of research is straightforward, beginning with a topic and ending with reference citations. For others, the process may be more complicated, moving back and forth between steps. Most nurses find it helpful to follow a general guide (Cooper & Schindler, 2003). This guide has been developed to assist nurses in their research no matter where they are in the process. Here are the steps involved:

1.Choose a topic. Some nurses find choosing a topic to be the most difficult part of the research process. Ideas for the topic can be obtained from personal interests, current journals, or patient care situations.

2.Find background information. Search periodical indexes (also called research databases) for citations identifying journal articles, then locate and read the actual articles of interest.

3.Refine the topic. The topic will need to be narrowed so that it does not cover too much material. Once background information has been obtained, the information can be refined into a narrow, focused topic.

4.Select references. References must be scholarly and no more than 5 years old.

5.Search for information. Information can be found in the library and through the Internet. Authenticity and reliability of information found on the Internet may be of concern. However, the Internet may be helpful for locating electronic journals and online library searches.

6.Evaluate the references. Scholarly references must be from a primary, peer-reviewed source. The references should be cited according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2001).

The research process in many ways mimics the nursing process. It provides you with a logical format for approaching clinical research questions. A nurse should know and understand the basics associated with the research process. The research process, as defined by Macnee (2003), contains five steps:

1.Define and describe the knowledge gap or problem.

2.Develop a detailed plan to gather information to address the problem or gap in knowledge.

3.Implement the study.

4.Analyze and interpret the results of the study.

5.Disseminate the findings.

It is important to remember that the steps in the research process are not always linear; they may overlap or be revisited throughout the research process.

Conclusion

Nursing research began more than 150 years ago during the Nightingale era and has gained momentum in the past two decades. Many nurses find research to be daunting and unfamiliar, but certain steps can be taken which will make the process of research much easier. As nurses become familiar with the language of nursing research and recognize the power to make changes in nursing care to improve outcomes, knowing and understanding research becomes a powerful tool.

References

American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier. ISBN-13: 9781437707502

Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business research methods (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Macnee, C. L. (2003). Understanding nursing research. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Discussion 1

Identify two areas of nursing practice, which evidence-based practice has improved patient outcomes. State the study and its impact on patient care. How have these findings changed your nursing practice? Please support your response with a minimum of two supporting peer reviewed articles.

Discussion 2

Nursing research is used to study a dilemma or a problem in nursing. Examine a problem you have seen in nursing. Why should it be studied? Justify your rationale.

Isaac has worked as a staff nurse on the telemetry floor for over 15 years. He holds seniority in the unit. His patient care is satisfactory; however, his interpersonal behaviors are becoming an increasing issue for his coworkers. He throws papers around the unit, gives short answers to questions, and seems generally miserable. He tells the staff that they are lazy and stupid. He is constantly questioning their decisions. You have come from another local hospital in the role of the assistant nurse manager. Based on your observations, you have met with Isaac informally and discussed his behaviors, but they have not changed. Now three new nurses have already come to you saying that this unit is a great match for them, except for one problem. Although they have not identified Isaac by name, they have told you that one of the nurses is extremely abusive verbally, and they have been calling in sick on the days they are scheduled to work with this person.
1. What are your responsibilities as an assistant nurse manager in regard to Isaac’s behavior problem?
2. What is the next step in dealing with Isaac’s behaviors?
3. How will you, as the manager, have Isaac develop more effective people skills?

This is your first position as a nurse manager. The holidays are rapidly approaching, and the hospital policy states that each unit will negotiate holiday coverage individually. You are already getting requests via e-mail and on Post-it notes for holiday time. Several staff members have come to you stating that they “never” seem to get their requests for holidays. Discussion among the staff members is creating dissension and conflict.
1. Discuss the potential impact of this problem on you and the unit staff.
2. Describe a minimum of one positive consequence and one negative consequence of this conflict.
3. Select a model of conflict resolution and explain how you, as a nurse manager, might resolve this conflict.

Instructions:
-APA Format.
-Introduction or abstract page
-Summary or Conclusion page
-Four Pages Minimum, not included Introduction or abstract, Conclusion or Summary , and Bibliographic pages.
-Completely unacceptable Copy and Paste from Internet, or other resources.
– Bibliographic have to be in APA Format, minimum 3 references citations with 3 years old or less.

Please discuss the mechanisms that Streptococcus mutans, Helicobacter pylori, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus and Taenia solium utilize to cause disease in the digestive tract. In addition, please list and explain the host immune defenses that microbes would have to overcome to be successful at causing disease. As we have studied, some parasites can cause digestive tract infections and some have the ability to form cysts. Please explain how a cyst may play a role in the ability of the parasite to cause disease. In addition, please explain the difference between excystation and encystation. Also, please discuss the association between normal flora and digestive tract infections, and the role of the port of entry and exit for the microbes to establish successful infections. Include a discussion what roles personal hygiene, quorum sensing and sequential timing play in microbial digestive tract diseases. In addition, please state in your answer the roles of proper food preparation and sanitation play in the decrease of microbial digestive tract infections and the significance of a capsule on particular strains of E. coli that causes digestive tract infection vs. strains of E. coli that cause urinary tract infections.

Minimum of 5 pages for content and response please. We use Cowan’s- “microbiology: a systems approach” textbook for class. Please try to address host factors like PH, salt, oxygen toleration, etc. Thank you!